Pediatric Success a Q&a Review Applying Critical Thinking to Test Taking Pdf

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Pediatric Success- A Q&A Review Applying Critical Thinking to Exam Taking, 2nd Edition - Beth Richardson

Test Bank Q & A Pediatric Success A Q&A Review Applying Disquisitional Thinking to Test Taking SECOND EDITION Beth Richardson, PhD, RN, CPNP, FAANP Associate Professor Emeritus Indiana Academy Schoolhouse of Nursing Indianapolis, Indiana Pediatric Nurse Practitioner HealthNet Indianapolis, Indiana 1 Fundamentals of Disquisitional Thinking Related to Examination Taking: The RACE Model 01 HOW TO USE THIS REVIEW Book 01 2 Growth and Development 05 KEYWORDS 05 ABBREVIATIONS 05 QUESTIONS 05 ANSWERS AND RATIONALES 15 3 Issues Related to Pediatric Wellness 27 KEYWORDS 27 ABBREVIATIONS 27 QUESTIONS 28 ANSWERS AND RATIONALES 37 iv Respiratory Disorders 51 KEYWORDS 51 ABBREVIATIONS 51 QUESTIONS 52 ANSWERS AND RATIONALES 61 5 Neurological Disorders 75 KEYWORDS 75 ABBREVIATIONS 75 QUESTIONS 76 ANSWERS AND RATIONALES 85 6 Cardiovascular Disorders 97 KEYWORDS 97 ABBREVIATIONS 97 QUESTIONS 97 ANSWERS AND RATIONALES 105 seven Hematological or Immunological Disorders 115 KEYWORDS 115 ABBREVIATIONS 115 QUESTIONS 116 ANSWERS AND RATIONALES 124 viii Gastrointestinal Disorders 135 KEYWORDS 135 ABBREVIATIONS 136 QUESTIONS 136 ANSWERS AND RATIONALES 146 xvii xviii CONTENTS 9 Genitourinary Disorders 157 KEYWORDS 157 ABBREVIATIONS 157 QUESTIONS 158 ANSWERS AND RATIONALES 167 10 Endocrine Disorders 177 KEYWORDS 177 ABBREVIATIONS 177 QUESTIONS 178 ANSWERS AND RATIONALES 188 11 Neuromuscular or Muscular Disorders 199 KEYWORDS 199 ABBREVIATIONS 199 QUESTIONS 199 ANSWERS AND RATIONALES 209 12 Orthopedic Disorders 219 KEYWORDS 219 ABBREVIATIONS 219 QUESTIONS 219 ANSWERS AND RATIONALES 229 13 Leadership and Management 239 KEYWORDS 239 ABBREVIATIONS 239 QUESTIONS 239 ANSWERS AND RATIONALES 249 14 Pharmacology 263 KEYWORDS 263 ABBREVIATIONS 264 CONVERSIONS 264 QUESTIONS 264 ANSWERS AND RATIONALES 272 15 Comprehensive Exam 281 QUESTIONS 281 ANSWERS AND RATIONALES 296 Glossary of English Words Commonly Encountered on Nursing Examinations 313 Index 317 Pediatric Success: A Q&A Review Applying Critical Thinking to Test Taking is designed to aid you, the student, consummate your nursing plan every bit well as succeed on the NCLEX–RN® examination. This book applies critical thinking skills primarily to multiple pick questions and to some alternate test items. It provides practice examination questions and test-taking hints to help you analyze each item and choose the correct response. Another book in the Success series, Fundamentals Success by Nugent and Vitale, explains critical thinking and the RACE Model, which are used in each book in the serial. This in- germination will help you answer questions on tests in your nursing courses and on the NCLEX-RN exam. The central to successful studying is knowing the material that volition be covered on the examinations. Course notes should be studied every night and corre- sponding readings done before course. This will assistance you lot larn the cloth and retain it longer. Once you know the fabric, it is important for you to exist able to answer primarily multiple option questions correctly. The RACE Model will assist yous succeed with reply- ing questions. The book contains xiv capacity, a last comprehensive test, and practice questions online. Test-taking hints are included with each question. This chapter provides guidelines for form test preparation and includes an instance of how to use the RACE Model. Chapter 2 focuses on growth and evolution of children from infancy through adolescence. Chapter 3 covers material on issues related to pediatric wellness. Capacity 4 through 12 follow pediatric health bug through each of the body systems. Each chapter contains practice questions, answers, and rationales for the correct reply, includ- ing test-taking hints, keywords, and abbreviations. Chapter 13, "Leadership and Management," relates to pediatric nursing. Chapter 14, "Pharmacology," has been included because of the expressed need of students for extra testing in this expanse. In the NCLEX-RN test programme (), pharmacology and direction of care have a large number of test items. Graduates need to have a working cognition of issues in these areas. This chapter includes questions centered on what the student nurse caring for children of all ages needs to know about administering medications, drug deportment, dosages, expected effects, agin effects, and teaching families. Affiliate 15 is a final 100-question comprehensive examination. There are also two 100-question get out examinations bachelor online. You can take the online tests prior to the final exam if you wish. Questions in this book are written primarily at the application and analysis level and are either multiple-choice, with four response choices, or alternating-detail format. Nursing kinesthesia members write tests in these formats to familiarize students with the NCLEX-RN examination mode. one ii PEDIATRIC SUCCESS Examination Preparation One of the about of import strategies for you is to written report your grade materials thoroughly and know the assigned concepts for each exam in your class. Information technology is best to study daily so that you really learn the material. Don't await and try to learn it all at one time. The more time you spend studying the topic, the better you lot will retain the material. After yous feel confident that you know the material, choose the affiliate(s) in this volume that correspond(s) with the assigned test material in your nursing course. Answer the prac- tice questions to determine your level of cognition most the topic. Carefully review the questions you miss, making sure you read and understand the rationale for choosing the incorrect distracter and why the correct response is indeed correct. The rationales provide a corking bargain of data about the correct and incorrect options, which helps yous under- stand the content ameliorate. The examination-taking hints are strategies to aid you lot logically determine the right response. If y'all however experience uncomfortable with the content area, review that chapter in your textbook for better understanding. This method of preparing for an exam- ination will aid you identify your strengths and areas to focus on as you continue to report. You may want to starting time with the Chapter fourteen, "Pharmacology," because you volition be admin- istering medications to children throughout your pediatric nursing course. This chapter will help yous focus on didactics strategies for families of children receiving medications, differences in delivering drugs to children, and calculating dosages. RACE Model The RACE Model is a critical thinking strategy to be used when answering multiple choice questions. The RACE Model helps y'all analyze the question stem and determine the correct response. For more detailed information about the RACE Model, see Test Success: Test-Taking Techniques for Kickoff Nursing Students by Nugent and Vitale. The RACE Model comprises: R - Recognize the keywords in the stem. A - Inquire what the question is asking the nurse to do. C - Critically clarify each option in relation to the information in the stem. East - Eliminate as many options as possible to narrow your option to the correct response. Some students believe they know the fabric but have difficulty choosing the correct response when answering multiple option questions. Using the RACE Model will greatly increase your chances of choosing the correct response. To employ it effectively during timed tests, you need to practice. Using the RACE Model equally you lot fix yourself with the chapter tests will help you. Following is a sample question: i. A half-dozen-calendar month-one-time is beingness seen in the clinic for a well-child checkup. The parents want to know nigh starting solid foods. How should the nurse counsel them? 1. "Since you started rice cereal from a spoon 2 months ago, you can add a new strained vegetable each week." ii. "Introduce some mashed fruits showtime. After the babe is eating that well, outset vegetables and rice cereal." 3. "Infants do best eating solids if you lot spoon-feed a new strained vegetable every other day to come across what their preferences are." iv. "Add together rice cereal to each canteen. Next you can add together fruits and vegetables fed by spoon." CHAPTER 1 FUNDAMENTALS OF CRITICAL THINKING RELATED TO TEST TAKING: THE RACE MODEL 3 Using the RACE Model: R - The client in the stem is the parent. A - The parents want to know how to add together solid foods to their baby's diet. C - Infants showtime rice cereal between 4 and 6 months. This is fed to the baby past spoon unless there is an indication to place it in the canteen. That is not stated in the stalk of this question. Either strained fruits or vegetables are added to the infant's diet at virtually 6 months of age. The infant stays on that choice for several days to determine if the infant is allergic. E - At present you tin eliminate choices 2, 3, and 4 because they exercise not contain choices that you know are correct. The remaining selection is 1, the correct response. The following words include English vocabulary, nursing/medical terminology, concepts, principles, or data relevant to content specifically addressed in the affiliate or associated with topics presented in it. English dictionaries, your nursing textbooks, and medical dictionaries such as Taber'due south Cyclopedic Medical Lexicon are resources that can be used to aggrandize your knowledge and understanding of these words and related data. Anemia Auscultate Autonomy Dehydration Detachment Gynecomastia Hepatitis B Industry Inguinal hernia Initiative Palpate Atrial septal defect (ASD) Emergency department (ED) Confront, legs, activeness, consolability, crying (FLACC) Failure to thrive (FTT) Intramuscular (IM) Intravenous (IV) Zippo by mouth (NPO) Ounce (oz) Pound (lb) Infants 1. A 6-calendar month-sometime male is at his well-child checkup. The nurse weighs him, and his mother asks if his weight is normal for his historic period. The nurse'due south all-time response is: ane. "At 6 months his weight should be approximately three times his birth weight." two. "Each child gains weight at his or her own pace." iii. "At six months his weight should be approximately twice his birth weight." 4. "At half dozen months a child should weigh about x lb more than his or her nativity weight." v 6 PEDIATRIC SUCCESS two. How tin the nurse best facilitate the trust human relationship between infant and parents while the infant is hospitalized? The nurse should: 1. Encourage the parents to remain at their child's bedside as much equally possible. 2. Keep parents informed about all aspects of their child's condition. 3. Encourage the parents to hold their child as much every bit possible. 4. Propose the parents to participate actively in their child'southward care. 3. The nurse is going to requite a 6-month-old a dose of Rocephin IM. What must the nurse practice when the i.v-mL dose arrives from the pharmacy? 1. Administer the injection into the deltoid muscle. two. Split up the dose into two injections. 3. Administrate the injection into the dorsogluteal musculus. iv. Requite dose as a single injection into the vastus lateralis muscle. four. Which statement by an infant'south mother leads the nurse to believe that she needs further education about the nutritional needs of a half dozen-month-quondam? 1. "I will continue to breastfeed my son and will give him rice cereal three times a day." 2. "I will showtime my son on fruits and gradually introduce vegetables." three. "I will offset my son on carrots and will introduce i new vegetable every few days." iv. "I volition not give my son any more than 8 ounces of baby juice per day." 5. Which statement accurately describes the best method for assessing a 12-calendar month-sometime? 1. The nurse should assess the child on the examining table. ii. The nurse should appraise the kid in a head-to-toe sequence. 3. The nurse should have the child'southward female parent assist in holding her down. four. The nurse should assess the child while she is in her mother'south lap. vi. The nurse is instructing a new breastfeeding mother in the need to provide her pre- mature infant with an acceptable source of atomic number 26 in her diet. Which statement reflects a need for further education of the new female parent? 1. "I will utilize only breast milk or an fe-fortified formula as a source of milk for my baby until she is at least 12 months old." 2. "My baby volition need to take fe supplements introduced when she is four months old." 3. "I will need to add iron supplements to my baby'south diet when she is 2 months former." 4. "When my babe begins to consume solid foods, I should introduce fe-fortified cereals to her nutrition." 7. A first-time mother brings in her 5-day-quondam baby for a well-child visit. The nurse weighs the infant and reports a weight of 7 lb v oz to the mother. The mother looks concerned and tells the nurse that her infant weighed seven lb 10 oz when she was discharged four days ago. The nurse's best response to the mother is: 1. "I will allow the doctor know, and he volition talk with you about possible causes of your infant'south weight loss." two. "Al weight loss of a few ounces is common among newborns, particularly for breast- feeding mothers." 3. "I can tell you are a first-fourth dimension mother. Don't worry; we volition find out why she is losing weight." 4. "Maybe she isn't getting enough milk. How often are y'all breastfeeding her?" 8. Which toy is the best option for a 12-month-former? 1. Baby doll. 2. Musical rattle. iii. Board book. 4. Colorful chaplet. Affiliate two GROWTH AND Evolution 7 9. The parents of a newborn are asking the nurse how to utilize the baby motorcar seat and where it should be placed in their vehicle. Which is the next most appropriate action by the nurse? 1. Give the parents a pamphlet explaining how to install the motorcar seat. 2. Accompany the parents to the auto, and show them how to install the car seat. iii. Contact the hospital's car-seat rubber officer, and ask the officer to accompany the parents to the car for car-seat installation. four. Show the parents a video on car-seat installation and safety, and ask if they are comfortable with the information. 10. The mother of a newborn asks the nurse when the infant volition receive the first hepatitis B immunization. Which is the nurse'south best response? 1. "Babies receive the hepatitis B vaccine just if their mother is hepatitis B–positive." 2. "The start dose of the hepatitis B vaccine volition be given prior to discharge today." three. "The first dose of hepatitis B vaccine is given at ane twelvemonth of age." 4. "Babies receive their first hepatitis B vaccine at vi months of age." eleven. Which finding would the nurse consider abnormal when performing a physical assessment on a vi-month-old? 1. Posterior fontanel is open. 2. Anterior fontanel is open. 3. Commencement signs of tooth eruption. 4. Able to rail and follow objects. 12. A mother requests that her child receive the varicella vaccine at the nine-month well-child checkup. The nurse tells the female parent that: 1. Children who are vaccinated will likely develop a mild case of the disease. two. The vaccine cannot exist given at that visit. three. The vaccine will exist administered later on the md examines the child. four. A booster vaccination will be needed at 18 months of age. 13. What should parents understand is one of the nigh common causes of injury and death for a 7-month-quondam babe? 1. Poisoning. 2. Child abuse. three. Aspiration. 4. Domestic dog bites. fourteen. An 8-day-old was admitted to the hospital with vomiting and dehydration. The newborn'southward eye rate is 170, respiratory rate is 44, blood force per unit area is 85/52, and temperature is 99°F (37.2°C). What is the nurse'due south all-time response to the parents who ask if the vital signs are normal? 1. "The blood force per unit area is elevated, but the other vital signs are within normal limits." 2. "The temperature is elevated, but the other vital signs are within normal limits." iii. "The respiratory rate is elevated, but the other vital signs are within normal limits." iv. "The heart rate is elevated, only the other vital signs are within normal limits." 15. The female parent of an xi-calendar month-former with atomic number 26 deficiency anemia tells the nurse that her infant is currently taking fe and a multivitamin. Which statement made by the mother should exist of business to the nurse? i. "I give the iron and multivitamin at the same time each morning." two. "I give the atomic number 26 and multivitamin in the morning vi-oz bottle." 3. "I give the fe and multivitamin 2 hours before I feed the morning bottle." iv. "I give the atomic number 26 and multivitamin in oral syringes toward the back of the cheek." xvi. The nurse is using the FLACC scale to rate the hurting level in a 9-calendar month-old. Which is the nurse's all-time response to the father's question of what the FLACC scale is? 1. "It estimates a child's level of hurting utilizing vital sign information." 2. "It estimates a child's level of pain based on parents' perception." 3. "It estimates a child's level of hurting utilizing behavioral and physical responses." 4. "It estimates a kid'due south level of hurting utilizing a numeric scale from 0 to 5."

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